Biomolecules Detection among Selected Spilanthes Jacq. species from Kerala, India.

 

Durga , D. Sheela

Department of Botany, St.Teresa’s College, Ernakulam  India.

 

 

ABSTRACT:

Spilanthes ciliate H.B.K, Spilanthes vazhachalensis Sheela, Spilanthes calva DC, Spilanthes uliginosa SW, belonging to family Asteracae. It is used as a traditional medicine for toothache, rheumatism and fever etc. Here in, its preliminary analysis were evaluated. These four species phytochemical analysis were performed based on standardized procedures using powdered samples in different solvents like acetone, ethanol and distilled water. The preliminary screening of the powdered sample showed the presence of carbohydrates, protein, phenol, lipids, flavonoids, tannin, lignin and aminoacids. This work supports the traditional medicinal system and utilization of plant for further investigation.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Herbal medicine is the most widely used system of medicine in plants. According to world health organization, medicinal plants would be the best source to obtain a variety of drugs. About  80% of individuals from developed countries use traditional medicine, which has compounds derived from medicinal plants. Plant drug have been the major source for treatment of disease for a long time. They have been used in traditional medicine on basis of experience and practices. Plants are potential sources of natural antioxidants¹. Medicinal plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites like carbohydrates, Flavonoids, proteins, polyphenols and tannins. Many of these chemical compounds posses many of theses chemical compounds posses many biological activities like antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

 

MATERIAL  AND METHODS:

Plant material:    The Spilanthes four species were collected from    Aluva, Kodungallur, Munnar, Manjali places and authenticated by Dr Sheela D., Associate  professor    Department of botany, ST. Teresa’s college Ernakulam.

 

EXTRACTION

The whole plants collected from the field were washed thoroughly and shade dried. The dried material was ground to a course powder. And the powdered    was used in different solvents like acetone, distilled water and alcohol to make the extracts for under going further phytochemical analysis².

 

PHYTOCHEMICAL  EVALUATION         

The alkaloids, carbohydrates, aminoacids,flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, proteins, steroids were evaluated using standard procedure^3,4.

 

Table1 : Preliminary phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract Spilanthes jacq.

Name/metabolites	Spilanthes ciliata	Spilanthes vazhachalensis	Spilanthes calva	Spilanthes   uliginosa
Carbohydrates	+	+	+	+
Proteins	+	+	_	_
Aminoacids	+	_	_	_
Alkaloids	+	+	+	+
Flavonoides	+	+	+	+
Glycosides	_	_	+	+
Tannins	+	+	+	+
Steroides	+	+	+	+

 

Table2: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of acetone extract of Spilanthes jacq

Name/metabolites	Spilanthes ciliata	Spilanthes vazhachalensis	Spilanthes calva	Spilanthes uliginosa
Carbohydrates	+	+	+	+
Proteins	+	+	_	+
Aminoacids	_	_	_	_
Alkaloides	+	+	+	+
Flavonoides	+	+	+	+
glycosides	+	_	+	+
Tannins	+	+	+	+
Steroides	+	+	+	+

 

Table3:Preliminary phytochemical analysis of ethanol extract of Spilanthes jacq.

Name/metabolites	Spilanthes ciliata	Spilanthes vazhachalensis	Spilanthes calva	Spilanthes uliginosa
Carbohydrates	+	+	+	+
Proteins	+	_	_	+
Aminoacids	+	_	_	_
Alkaloides	+	+	+	+
Flavonoides	+	+	+	+
Glyco sides	_	+	_	+
Tannins	+	+	_	+
STEROIDES	+	+	+	+

+ presence  - absence

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Plants with medicinal property possess many metabolites that have active pharmaceutical property to treat diseases associated with pathogens ⁵. In aqueous extract of   Spilanthes ciliate showed the presence of primary metabolites along with alkaloids, flavonoides, tannins, steroids. Spilanthes vazhachalensis presence in  aqueous extract contains carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, flavonoides, tannins and steroids.

 

In spilanthes calva presence carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoides, glycosides, tannins, steroids in aqueous extract.  Spilanthes uliginosa  aqueous extract showed the present of carbohydrates, alkaloides, flavonoides, glycosides, tannins, steroids. Thus aqueous extract of Spilanthes showed the presence of all the primary and secondary metabolite which can be seen in similar reports available from previous studies ⁶. Whereas in acetone extract of Spilanthes  ciliate carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloides, flavonoides, glycosides, tannins, steroids. Spilanthes vazhachalensis, carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloides, flavonoides, tannins, steroids. Spilanthes calva presence carbohydrates, alkaloides, flavonoides, glycosides, tannins, steroids. In Spilanthes uliginosa  acetone extract showed the presence carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloides, flavonoides, glycosides, tannins, steroids. Spilanthes ciliate ethanol  extract presence carbohydrates, proteins, aminoacids, alkaloides, flavonoides, tannins, steroids. The curative property of the medicinal plant were due to the secondary metabolites presence in it as reports shown in acetone extract of Spilanthes Jacq^7,8.  In Spilanthes vazhachalensis contains ethanol extract carbohydrates, alkaloides, flavonoides, glycosides, tannins, steroids. Spilanthes calva ethanol extract contains carbohydrates, alkaloides, flavonoides, steroids. Spilanthes uliginosa ethanol extract presence carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloides, flavonoides, glycosides, tannins, steroids.

 

Spilanthes vazhachalensis Sheela, a new species reported from vazhachal, kerala have got many medicinal property from the present study report another new immigrant species of Spilanthes Jacq. also found to possess similar property from earlier reports⁹ .The phytochemical constituents in a plant material from a characteristic fingerprint, representing the quality of active constituents. Morover,this helps to standardize the mixtures like herbal drug formulations and market sample¹⁰ .

 

CONCLUSION:

The present study on preliminary phytochemical analysis, provides important information which may be help in authentication of plants. They also provide us information about different biomolecules present that has therapeutic properties.

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

Authors like to thank department of botany, St Teresa’s College for providing facility.

 

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

 

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Received on 20.11.2017          Modified on 11.12.2017

Accepted on 12.01.2018       ©A&V Publications All right reserved